Under PHS Policy Principles 1-4, which principle states that alternatives to animal models should be considered?

Under PHS Policy Principles 1-4, which principle states that alternatives to animal models should be considered?

• A. The animals selected for a procedure should be of an appropriate species and quality and the minimum number required to obtain valid results
• B. Alternatives to animal models should be considered
• C. The living conditions of animals should be appropriate for their species
• D. Procedures involving animals should be designed with consideration of their relevance to human or animal health

Answer: (B)

Considering alternatives to animal models is a guiding principle that emphasizes seeking non-animal methods before using animals, aligning with the Replacement aspect of humane research. This principle requires researchers to evaluate whether computer models, in vitro systems, or other non-animal approaches can answer the scientific question, thereby reducing or replacing animal use whenever feasible. It’s distinct from selecting an appropriate species and using the minimum number of animals, which focuses on experimental design to obtain valid results. It’s also separate from ensuring living conditions are appropriate for the species or designing procedures with relevance to human or animal health. So, the principle that explicitly calls for considering alternatives is the one that directs researchers to look for non-animal methods first.

Considering alternatives to animal models is a guiding principle that emphasizes seeking non-animal methods before using animals, aligning with the Replacement aspect of humane research. This principle requires researchers to evaluate whether computer models, in vitro systems, or other non-animal approaches can answer the scientific question, thereby reducing or replacing animal use whenever feasible. It’s distinct from selecting an appropriate species and using the minimum number of animals, which focuses on experimental design to obtain valid results. It’s also separate from ensuring living conditions are appropriate for the species or designing procedures with relevance to human or animal health. So, the principle that explicitly calls for considering alternatives is the one that directs researchers to look for non-animal methods first.