Q fever spreads between which species and humans?

Q fever spreads between which species and humans?

• A. Cattle only
• B. Dogs and humans
• C. Birds and humans
• D. Sheep, goats, cattle and humans

Answer: (D)

Q fever is a zoonotic infection caused by Coxiella burnetii, transmitted from farm animals to humans. The primary reservoir species are ruminants—sheep, goats, and cattle—and humans become infected mainly through inhaling contaminated aerosols from the birth products, urine, feces, or milk of these animals. Because the question asks which species are involved in spreading to humans, the correct combination includes sheep, goats, cattle, and humans. Birds and dogs are not the typical reservoir sources for human infection in this context.

Q fever is a zoonotic infection caused by Coxiella burnetii, transmitted from farm animals to humans. The primary reservoir species are ruminants—sheep, goats, and cattle—and humans become infected mainly through inhaling contaminated aerosols from the birth products, urine, feces, or milk of these animals. Because the question asks which species are involved in spreading to humans, the correct combination includes sheep, goats, cattle, and humans. Birds and dogs are not the typical reservoir sources for human infection in this context.